There were so many cimarrn (wild, feral) bandits on the rural roads between central Peru and Salta in Argentina that they became a favorite topic in fiction, such as the short novels of Juana Manuela Gorriti, Gubi Abaya and El ngel cado. [37] The rebellion took the Ming almost two years to crush. Gorriti, Juana Manuela. Although there are examples of lone bandits, bandits tended to form into fluid bands, sometimes of up to twenty persons. Oxford, 1987. Encyclopedia.com. A person who engages in banditry is known as a bandit and primarily commits crimes such as extortion, robbery, and murder, either as an individual or in groups. [27], Of course, the Ming government used a heavy hand to crack down on banditry. He eventually settled on robbery. According to Hobsbawm, the characteristic feature of social bandits is that "they are peasant outlaws who the lord and state regard as criminals, but who remain within peasant society, and are considered by the people as heroes, as champions, avengers, fighters for justice, perhaps even leaders of liberation, and in any case as men to be admired, helped and supported" (p. 17). ArCaLu/Shutterstock.com One of the most widely used names for a group of rabbits is a colony. Campbell, John. In many societies, such as in southern Spain, Sicily, Greece, and the Balkans, banditry had a predominantly agro-pastoral base. In the Balkans, the recorded history of haiduks goes back to the fifteenth century, but popular ballads about their lives and deeds did not flourish before the middle of the eighteenth century. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. In the late nineteenth century Corsican bandits liked to present themselves as "Robin Hood" figures. Whats interesting: Despite being a memorable term of venery, its not actually used much. He was betrayed by a friend and was killed. BANDIT | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary The buccaneers primary foe was Spain, which formally controlled Hispaniola and Tortuga and sought to expel the outlaws from its possessions. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. First, many bandit gangs emerged before the process of sugar plantation expansion began. More than most other social phenomena, the characterization of banditry depends upon how it is approached. Thus it was not so much through their lives that bandits generated the sometimes powerful myth of nobility as through their deaths. Recent research has revealed that bandits cannot be generally identified with the itinerant population. In early-seventeenth-century France the region of Prigord was infested with bandits. Violence worked to encourage individuals to "mind their own business." What about female bandits? Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/banditry. [CDATA[ Like the contemporary "Bandit Queen" in India, Guiliano became the subject of novels and films. Hobsbawm tended to an expressive interpretation. Modern research has tried to debunk this myth, but largely to no avail. Birds most of them can fly, some of them cant, but theyre all noted for their feathers, beaks, and laying of eggs. Second, the land concentration that Prez considers a cause of banditry in fact came after many bandit gangs had emerged. Local elites, not the peasant masses, generally provided the support, material assistance (food, arms, clothing), hiding places, and intelligence needed by bandit gangs. Archives europennes de Sociologie 24 (1988): 127145. ." This interpretation is also problematic since violence reinforces the fragmentation of peasant collective consciousness but is not its direct cause. William M. "Bill" Dalton, born in 1866, was an outlaw as well and mainly rode . A group of bats can be referred to as a colony, cauldron, camp, or cloud. Through a well-planned raid, Ning Gao, a client of another powerful eunuch Liu Jin, successfully wounded and captured Zhang Mao, who was then transported to Beijing and executed. Ancient History, Middle Ages and Feudalism. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, 2003. All rights reserved. In the Mediterranean and elsewhere the circulation of popular accounts of bandits was particularly significant, sometimes interacting in complex ways with the creation of the nation-state's history. Encyclopedia.com. Argentina's rural poor identified with the persecution suffered by legendary gauchos like Juan Moreira and Martn Fierro. In other cases, such as in Corsica, mules' ears were cut off as a ritual death threat. Harmondsworth, U.K., 1972. Banditry certainly possessed a cumulative political significance in suppressing peasant unrest, but the actions it employed were embedded in peasant morality. These charismatic leaders were not only skilled in fighting and riding but also possessed material and social capital. In Puglia few legal or illegal opportunities were available for social mobility, and the social relations of production encouraged the emergence of collective solidarity and of anarchosyndicalism (a doctrine advocating that workers seize control of the economy and government). One of these bands was known as los beatos de Cabrilla (the holy ones of Cabrilla), because its members behaved like "gentlemen," robbing their victims of only half of their goods. 2023
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